English Romantic Painter, 1775-1851 Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 1775 ?C 19 December 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style is said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism. Although Turner was considered a controversial figure in his day, he is now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting. Turner's talent was recognised early in his life. Financial independence allowed Turner to innovate freely; his mature work is characterised by a chromatic palette and broadly applied atmospheric washes of paint. According to David Piper's The Illustrated History of Art, his later pictures were called "fantastic puzzles." However, Turner was still recognised as an artistic genius: the influential English art critic John Ruskin described Turner as the artist who could most "stirringly and truthfully measure the moods of Nature." (Piper 321) Suitable vehicles for Turner's imagination were to be found in the subjects of shipwrecks, fires (such as the burning of Parliament in 1834, an event which Turner rushed to witness first-hand, and which he transcribed in a series of watercolour sketches), natural catastrophes, and natural phenomena such as sunlight, storm, rain, and fog. He was fascinated by the violent power of the sea, as seen in Dawn after the Wreck (1840) and The Slave Ship (1840). Turner placed human beings in many of his paintings to indicate his affection for humanity on the one hand (note the frequent scenes of people drinking and merry-making or working in the foreground), but its vulnerability and vulgarity amid the 'sublime' nature of the world on the other hand. 'Sublime' here means awe-inspiring, savage grandeur, a natural world unmastered by man, evidence of the power of God - a theme that artists and poets were exploring in this period. The significance of light was to Turner the emanation of God's spirit and this was why he refined the subject matter of his later paintings by leaving out solid objects and detail, concentrating on the play of light on water, the radiance of skies and fires. Although these late paintings appear to be 'impressionistic' and therefore a forerunner of the French school, Turner was striving for expression of spirituality in the world, rather than responding primarily to optical phenomena. Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway painted (1844).His early works, such as Tintern Abbey (1795), stayed true to the traditions of English landscape. However, in Hannibal Crossing the Alps (1812), an emphasis on the destructive power of nature had already come into play. His distinctive style of painting, in which he used watercolour technique with oil paints, created lightness, fluency, and ephemeral atmospheric effects. (Piper 321) One popular story about Turner, though it likely has little basis in reality, states that he even had himself "tied to the mast of a ship in order to experience the drama" of the elements during a storm at sea. In his later years he used oils ever more transparently, and turned to an evocation of almost pure light by use of shimmering colour. A prime example of his mature style can be seen in Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway, where the objects are barely recognizable. The intensity of hue and interest in evanescent light not only placed Turner's work in the vanguard of English painting, but later exerted an influence upon art in France, as well; the Impressionists, particularly Claude Monet, carefully studied his techniques.  Related Paintings of Joseph Mallord William Turner :. | Cover | Wohnsitz des Earl of Darlington | The Battle of Trafalgar (mk25) | Control | Draw |
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David de Coninck
(ca. 1644 Antwerp - after 1701, Brussels), also known as Rammelaar was a Flemish painter of the Baroque period. David Koninck was born in Antwerp and studied there under Jan Fyt. After a few years in Paris, he staid in Rome from ca 1671 to 1694, where joined the Bentvueghels with the nickname Rammelaar (rattle). He is sometimes stated to have died in Rome in 1687; however, he returned to his home country and is last recorded becoming a member of the painters guild in Brussels in 1701. His pictures are chiefly landscapes with animals and still life. He is likely unrelated to the generally contemporary Dutch painters, Philip de Koninck, or Philips Koninck (5 November 1619, Amsterdam - buried 4 October 1688, Amsterdam) and the fellow townsman Salomon de Koninck. See Biography by Filippo Baldinucci.
Lilla Cabot Perry
American Impressionist Painter, 1848-1933 was an American artist who worked in the Impressionist style, rendering portraits and landscapes in the free form manner of her mentor, Claude Monet. Perry was an early advocate of the French Impressionist style and contributed to its reception in the United States. Perry's early work was shaped by her exposure to the Boston school of artists and her travels in Europe and Japan. She was also greatly influenced by Ralph Waldo Emerson's philosophies and her friendship with Camille Pissarro. Although it was not until the age of thirty-six that Perry received formal training, her work with artists of the Impressionist, Realist, Symbolist, and German Social Realist movements greatly affected the style of her oeuvre. Boston native Lilla Cabot Perry was born on January 13, 1848 to Dr. Samuel Cabot, a distinguished surgeon, and Hannah Lowell Jackson Cabot. What is known of her early life reveals a childhood that allowed her the freedom of exploring her interests and creativity. Perry studied literature, language, poetry, and music. There are a few references to Perry having informal sketching sessions with her friends however she had no formal training in the arts before 1884. As a child she additionally enjoyed reading books and playing sports outdoors. Because of her family's prominence in Boston society,
Wladyslaw Czachorski
(1850-1911) was a Polish artist. In 1866 Czachorski went to the Warsaw Drawing School and had Rafał Hadziewicz as a peer. Then he spent one year at the Dresden Academy and from there went to Munich Academy (1869-1873) some of his classmates were: Hermann Anschetz, Karl von Piloty, and Alexander Wagner. He received Magna Cum Laude (the Grand Silver Medal) from Munich, and proceeded to travel to France, Italy and Poland after his graduation. He held membership to Berlin academy and has also organizer and jurist of international exhibitions even though he had his home in Munich. He was awarded the Bavarian Order of Saint Michael in 1893. He had many art exhibitions in Poland. Some took place in Krakew, Warsaw, Łedź, and Lwew. After his death in 1911, a posthumous showing was held at the Warsaw "Zachęta" Society of Fine Arts. Some of Czachorski's noted works were: still lifes, painted portraits, and Shakespearean scenes. Some of these that he painted were: Julliette's Funeral (1873), Hamlet (1873), and, most notably, Hamlet Receiving the Players (1875); widely recognized as his greatest works. His paintings can be found in all the more famous and sizable museums of Poland. His works also make appearances in private collections in many countries including: Germany, Poland, England and the United States. They can also be found in foreign museums such as Lwew, Bremen and the Academia de San Carlos in Mexico City.